Sunday, August 18, 2019

একনজরে ধারাবাহিকভাবে ENGLISH GRAMMAR (Basic)

Class 01 :  Letter এবং Sound
 আমরা জানি ইংরেজি Letter 26 যেমন a,b,c,d..................z
যাহোক এই Letter আবার দুইভাগে বিভক্ত



 (a) Consonant  letter
 (b) Vowel letter = a,e,i,o,u

আবার এই ২৬ Letters আরও দুইভাগে বিভক্ত করা যায়
 (a) Consonant  sound
 (b) Vowel sound =  a=এ,এ্যা,অ,আ, E = ই,এ, i = ই, O = অ, U = আ not ইউ
তাহলে আমরা vowel sound পেলাম- অ,আ,ই,এ,এ্যা মোট ৫টি ।
কেন আমরা এই Sound শিখবো : 
 মজার বিষয় হলো এই vowel sound গুলোর আগে আমরা an ব্যবহার করি কিন্তু vowel letter এর আগে নয় (মনে রাখতে হবে । যেমন university এর আগে a কারণ u এখানে vowel letter কিন্ত vowel sound নয় । 
আবার honest এর আগে আমরা an ব্যবহার করি কারণ h (অ এর মত) এখানে vowel sound যদিও সে consonant letter নামে পরিচিত ।

Class 02 :  Syllable 

আমরা যে letter এর কথা বলেছি এই দুই প্রকার লেটার যোগ করে বা শুধু Vowel Sound  ( Consonant + Vowel Letter/ শুধু Vowel Sound) Letter মিলে হয় Syllable । বলা যেতে পারে একটা Word এর যতটুকু অংশ একবারে উচ্চারণ করা যায়, যেমন University
u-ni-ver-si-ty এখানে ৫টি syllable আছে । তাহলে মোটামুটি বলা যেতে পারে Letter + Letter = Syllable

Syllable  এর আসলে কোন প্রকার নাই কিন্ত  একটা Word  কয়টি Syllable নিয়ে গঠিত তার উপর ভিত্তি করে Syllable কে অনেক প্রকারে ভাগ করা যায় তবে প্রয়োজনে দুই প্রকার জানা ভাল যেমন
 (i) Mono Syllable = Can, Pen, Good এই Word গুলো একবারই উচ্চারণ করা যায়
(ii) Poly Syllable = U-ni-ver-si-ty, / bea-u-ti-ful,/ a-mo-rous এই Word গুলোতে অনেক Syllable আছে , তাই এই Word গুলোকে poly syllabic Word বলে ।

কেন আমরা এই  Syllable  শিখবো : 

আমরা Positive, comparative , superlative Degree/adjective শিখি
খেয়াল করুন fine= finer =finest ( মানে একটি syllable যুক্ত Word কে er যোগে comparative এবং st/est যোগে superlative করতে হয়ে । 


আবার Beautiful = more beautiful = most beautiful ( মানে  একাধিক syllable যুক্ত Word কে more যোগে comparative এবং most যোগে superlative করতে হয়ে । 

বি:দ্র: ব্যতিক্রম থাকতে পারে যেমন good= better= best

Class 03 :  Word


Syllable + Syllable = Word হয় । যেমন River ( ri-ver) এখানে দুটি  syllable যুক্ত করে river word টি হয়েছে তবে একটা syllable যুক্ত word আছে । যেমন can,man, pan, lay................

Word এর প্রকারভেদ ( Grammar এর ভাষায় একে বলে parts of speech)
(i) Noun 
(ii) Pronoun
(iii) Verb
(iv) Adverb
(v) Preposition
(vi) Conjunction
(vii) Interjection
(viii) Adjective
এগুলো পরবর্তীতে ধারাবাহিভাবে আলোচনা করা হবে ।

 Class 04 :  Phrase and Idioms 

আমরা Word + word = Phrase/ Idioms পাই, যেখানে কোন finite Verb থাকে না( finite verb সম্পর্কে পরে আলোচনা করা হবে )  । যেমন 
My brother = আমার ভাই । এখানে my=আমার এবং brother = ভাই ,প্রত্যেকটি word এর অর্থ ঠিক আছে ,কোনটির অর্থই হারায়নি । তাই My brother হলো একটি Phrase । ( sister's marriage day, their happiness...............

আবার দেখুন Ten to one = (খুব সম্ভব বা সম্ভাবত) অর্থ হওয়া উচিত ছিল দশ থেকে এক কিন্তু তা হয়নি , মানে প্রতিটি word এর অর্থ হারিয়ে একটি ভিন্ন অর্থ নিয়েছে একে বলে idioms ( White elephant, Adam's apple....)


Class 05 : Clause 
আমরা বলতে পারি Phrase + phrase = Clause তবে এটা বুজতে কষ্টকর । অন্যভাবে বলা যায় Subject + একটি Finite verb যেমন-  They are playing in the field.
Finite verb হলো সেই verb  যে verb গুলি tense এবং passive বা  active এবং passive sentence এর নিয়মনুসারে বব্যহার করা যায়,
আর non finite বা infinite verb হলো সেই verb  যে verb গুলি tense এবং passive বা  active এবং passive sentence এর নিয়মনুসারে বব্যহার করা যায় না । আরও সহজে  বোঝা যায় যে verb গুলির আগে

(i) to ব্যবহার হয় = I went to market to buy a shirt .
(ii) যে verb এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়েছে কিন্ত tense অনুসারে হয়নি যেমন I saw him going . এখানে going এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়েছে কিন্ত কোন be verb(am,is,are, was,were, have,has,had) নাই ।নিয়ম অনুসারে হলে এরকম হতো I am going .
(iii)  যে verb এর সাথে v3 ব্যবহার হয়েছে কিন্ত tense অনুসারে হয়নি যেমন Having done the work I went out . এখানে done এর ব্যবহার হয়েছে কিন্ত এর আগে কোন be verb(am,is,are, was,were, have,has,had)  tense অনুসারে নাই । নিয়মানুসারে হলে এমন হতো I have done the work. তাহলে নিয়মানুসারে যে verb ব্যবহার হচ্ছে এগুলো Finite verb .
এবার আসি তাহলে Clause এর আলোচনায়  আবার: 
তাহলে বলা যায় যে একটি sentence এ যতগুলি finite verb থাকবে সেই sentence এ ততগুলি Clause থাকবে । যেমন We know that the earth is round. এখানে We know একটি Clause কারন এখানে know verb টি finite verb এবং that the earth is round আর একটি Clause কারন  এখানে is verb টি finite verb . তাহলে We know that the earth is round. sentence টিতে দুটি Clause আছে ।


Class 06 : Clause 

Clause  এর আলোচনা আসলে একটি Class এ শেষ করা যায় না তাই আর একটি class করলাম
Clause  কে আবার তিনভাগে ভাগ করা যায় 
(i) Independent clause
(ii) Subordinate clause/ Dependent clause
(iii) Co-ordinate clause 
(i) Independent clause : যে  clause টি তার অর্থ প্রকাশের জন্য অন্য clause এর উপর নির্ভর করে না যেমন  I can do it .

(ii) Subordinate clause/ Dependent clause যে  clause টি তার অর্থ প্রকাশের জন্য অন্য independent clause এর উপর নির্ভরশীল যেমন I can do it if you say . এখানে  if you say এর অর্থ  I can do it এই clause এর উপর নির্ভরশীল তাই if you say একটি Subordinate clause/ Dependent clause.
Subordinate clause/ Dependent clause সহজে চেনা যায় কারণ Subordinate clause/ Dependent clause টি  Relative pronoun that,what,when,where,how, whom,who,if,though,although,since ইত্যাদি দিয়ে শুরু হয় । যেমন I know where he lives. He killed the man who was a thief.

(iii) Co-ordinate clause হলো দুই বা ততধিক Independent clause এর সমষ্টি যা conjunction -and,but or দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় । যেমন-  He came and I went with him. এখানে He came clause টি একটি Independent clause এবং I went with him ও একটি  টি একটি Independent clause যা and দ্বার যুক্ত হয়েছে , তাই এটি একটি co-ordinate clause.  আরও উদাহরন Do or die, He is poor but honest ( এখানে He is honest ) is omitted আছে ।

Class 07 : Sentence  : (part-1)

আমরা সাধারনত Clause বা Clause + Clause কে sentence বলি । গঠনগতভাবে sentence সাধারনত তিন প্রকার 
(i)Simple sentence 
(ii) complex sentence 
(iii) compound sentence 

 Clause  এর আলোকে Simple, complex এবং compound sentence : 

(i) Simple Sentence : কোনSentence এ একটি মাত্র Clause থাকলে তাকে Simple sentence বলে । 
যেমন They were playing in field . এই sentence এ একটিমাত্র clause আছে বিধায় এটি একটি Simple sentence . আরও উদারহরণ (i) Going there I found him dead. এখানেও একটি clause আছে তাই এটিও একটি simple sentence .

(ii) Complex Sentence : একটি Independent clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Dependent Clause যুক্ত Sentence কে complex sentence বলে । যেমন He came when the sun was setting. এই sentence এ when the sun was setting  এটি হলো dependent clause তাই এটি একটি complex sentence । আমরা আরো সহজে বলতে পারি যে sentence এ dependent clause থাকবে সেই sentence টি হবে complex sentence .

(iii) Compound Sentence : দুই বা ততধিক independent clause and,but,or দ্বার যুক্ত হয়ে sentence গঠন করলে তাকে compound sentence বলে । যেমন- I was sleeping and the children were playing in the field. এখানে দুটি clause ই independent তাই এটি একটি compound sentence .
মনে রাখতে হবে  
Simple sentence = Only  one Independent clause
Complex sentence = One independent clause + কমপক্ষে একটি dependent clause
Compound sentence = Independent clause + Independent clause (কমপক্ষে), বেশিও হতে পারে তবে সবগুলোই Independent clause হতে হবে । 




Class 07 : Sentence  :(part -2)
আমরা Sentence কাজের অর্থাৎ Functionally আরও ৫ ভাগে ভাগ করতে পারি
(i) Assertive Sentence
(ii) Interrogative Sentence
(iii) Imperative Sentence
(iv) Exclamatory Sentence
(v) Optative Sentence
Assertive Sentence : যে Sentence সাধারনত কোন কিছুর হা বা না বাচক বর্ণনা বোঝায় । যেমন আমি রিস্কা চালাই I pull rickshaw . আমি স্কুলে যাবো না I shall not go to school.
Assertive Sentence আবার দুইভাগে বিভক্ত
(i) Affirmative Sentence = I will do the work.( Sub +verb+object/complement/adverb/adverb phrase)
(ii) Negative Sentence  = I will not do the work (Sub+ to be verb,to have verb,modal verb+ not+ঐ)
বলে রাখা দরকার অনেকে মনে করে Affirmative থেকে Negative করতে হলে অর্থের পরিবর্তন করা যাবে না । আসলে এট হলো  আমাদের শিক্ষাব্যবস্থায় দেওয়া একটা syllabus এর আইটেম সেখানে অর্থ পরিবর্তন না করে করতে বলা হয় ,তাই আমরা অর্থ পরিবর্তন না করে করি ,এক মূলত বলা হয় Transformation of sentence যা Affirmative এবং Negative Sentence এর সাথে কোন সম্পর্ক নেই। তারমানে হলো Transformation of sentence করতে বললে অর্থ পরিবর্তন করা যাবে না (পরবর্তীতে
বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হবে) ।  


Interrogative Sentence : যে Sentence দ্বার কোন প্রশ্ন করা হয় তাকে Interrogative Sentence বলে। যেমন  Do you like chocolates?
যেভাবে আমরা Interrogative Sentence গঠন করতে পারি তহলো

Do,does,did,have,has,had,am,is,are,was,were,can,could,may ,shall,will এবং এগুলোর negative short form যেমন Don't you do it? এভাবে । অবশ্য grammar এ এই Sentence কে negative-interrogative Sentence বলে । 

Imperative Sentence : যে Sentence দ্বারা আদেশ করা, নিষেধ করা, অনুমতি দেওয়া বোঝায় । যেমন -Do it, Follow the rules, Let me go ,Let them play.

Imperative Sentence দুইভাবে গঠন করা যায়
(i) Second person এর ক্ষেত্রে Sentence শুরুতে verb দিয়ে অথবা Don't দিয়ে Imperative Sentence করতে হয় । যেমন Don' run in the sun. throw the ball.
(ii) First person এবং Third person এর ক্ষেত্রে Sentence শুরুতে Let অথবা Let not + object +v1 দিয়ে Imperative Sentence করতে হয় । যেমন Let me finish the lesson. Let them see the birds.

Exclamatory Sentence : যে  Sentence দ্বারা মনের আস্মিক অনুভুতি বোঝায় বা sudden feelings of mind বোঝায় তাকে Exclamatory Sentence বলে । যেমন -(a)  What a charming scenery it is ! (b) How nice the picture it is !

তিনভাবে গঠন করা যায় Exclamatory Sentence : (i)  আমরা interjection বা exclamatory word ব্যবহার করে Exclamatory Sentence গঠন করতে পারি । যেমন -(a) Alas! I cannot recollect my childhood memories. (b) Hurrah ! We have won the match. (c) Fie! She has stolen a pen.
(ii) আমরা   what ব্যবহার করে Exclamatory Sentence গঠন করতে পারি যেমন-(a) What a nice hand writing it is! (b) What an excellent kick he made!
(iii) আমরা How ব্যবহার করে Exclamatory Sentence গঠন করতে পারি  যেমন-(a) How beautiful the flying birds are! (b) How amorous the dace is !

Optative Sentence : আমরা সাধারনত মনের ইচ্ছা, আর্শীবাদ, আকাঙ্খা প্রকাশ করার জন্য যে  Sentence ব্যবহার করি তাকে Optative Sentence বলে । যেমন May you be happy in life.
May অথবা Long অথবা wish ব্যবহার করে আমরা  Optative Sentence গঠন করতে পারি । যেমন
(a) Long live our president.(b) I wish I were a bird.



Class 08 : Sentence Basic গঠন(part-3)

আমরা সবাই Sentence  গঠন করতে পারি তার পরও কিছু নিয়ম আরোচনা না করলেই নয় । দেখুন
(i) আমরা Subject + Verb+ প্রাণিবাচক object ব্যবহার করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) They gave me..
(b) She followed him.

(ii) আমরা Subject + Verb+ অপ্রাণিবাচক object ব্যবহার করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) They played football.
(b) He cooked rice.

(iii) আমরা Subject + Verb+ প্রাণিবাচক object + অপ্রাণিবাচক object  ব্যবহার করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) They gave me a news.
(b) She gave the page boy a tips.

(iv) আমরা Subject +  verb +  adverb ব্যবহার  করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) He walks slowly.
(b) The train is running fast.

(v) আমরা Subject +  verb +adverb  phrase ব্যবহার  করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) we get up early in the morning.
(b) Birds fly in the sky. 

(vi) আমরা Subject + linking verb + complement ব্যবহার  করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) He is a president.(b) They are students.
( sub এবং object একই ব্যক্তি বা  বস্তু হলে তাকে object না বলে complement  বলে আর এ ধরনের sentence এ ডে verb ব্যবহার করা হয় তাকে linking verb বলে )

(vii) আমরা Subject + modal  verb +main verb + object/adverb ব্যবহার  করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) They can do it.
(b) We may go there.

(viii) আমরা Subject + have/has/had + Noun ব্যবহার  করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) I have a cow.
(b) He had a horse.

(ix) আমরা There +  verb + noun/phrase ব্যবহার  করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) There is a school.
(b) There were many people there.


(x) আমরা Subject +  be verb(am,is,are,was,were, +v3 +by+ object  ব্যবহার  করে করতে পারি । যেমন-
(a) He was murdered by a murderer.
(b) The house was built by a rich man.

Class : 9 =  Gerund 
 আসলে Gerund বলতে আমরা বুঝি  verb +ing  যুক্ত word যাকে  subject হিসাবে বা infinitive verv হিসাবে ব্যবহার করতে পারি এবং word টি verb + noun এর মত কাজ করে।
যেমন : (a) . Walking is a good exercise. এখানে (walk +ing) walking(হাটা)  এই word টি subject হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে যা  verb + noun এর মত কাজ করছে।
(b) I saw him dancing. এখানে (dance +ing) dancing (নাছতে)  এই word টি infinitive  হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে যা  verb + noun এর মত কাজ করছে।
আরও উদাহরণ :
(c). Closing the door, I went out .
(d) . Finishing the work, they took rest .
(e) . We saw the girl crying.

Class : 10 =Participle : 

 আসলে Participle বলতে আমরা বুঝি  verb +ing  যুক্ত word  এবং  verb এর past participle form(v3) যা verb + adjective  এর মত কাজ করে।
 যেমন : (a) . I saw a flying bird. এখানে (fly +ing) flying (উড়ন্ত)  এই word টি একই সাথে verb এবং adjective এর মত কাজ করতেছে ।  
(b) I found the letter written এখানে  written (লিখিত)  এই word টি একই সাথে verb এবং adjective এর  মত কাজ করতেছে ।
Participle দুই প্রকার
(i)          Present participle : Present participle বলতে আমরা বুঝি  verb +ing  যুক্ত word যা verb + adjective  এর মত কাজ করে ।
(c). Don’t jump over a running train .
(ii) Past Participle : Past Participle  বলতে আমরা বুঝি verb এর past participle form (v3) যা verb + adjective  এর মত কাজ করে।
(d) . We got the food prepared .
(e) . He saw the wall painted.





Class 11: Paragraph


আমরা বলতে পারি sentence +sentence = paragraph মানে যেকোন একটা them এর উপর কয়েকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ন  sentence লিখলে একটি paragraph হয় । এভাবে  paragraph+paragraph মানে কয়েকটি paragraph এর সমষ্টি হয় একটি composition , আবার কয়েকটি composition মিলে হয় একটি essay । এভাবে মহাকাব্য ।


(এখানেই বলা যায় English Grammar Basic শেষ তবে এর পর আমরা উপরের যেকোন  যায়গা থেকে আলোচনা করলে সবাই বুজতে পারবে কি বলতে বা শেখাতে চাচ্ছি যদি এই পর্যন্ত ধারণা হয়  )


Class 12 : Noun (part-1)

আমরা আগেই দেখেছি যে noun মূলত word এর শ্রেণি বিভাগ থেকে আসছে । Noun  বলতে আমরা যা বুঝি তাহলো যে কোন কিছুর নাম  (Name of anything ), Table,Fan, Man, Book, River, University, Eyes, London, Rafic.
(a) পৃথিবীতে যা আমরা দেখতে পারি,স্পর্শ করতে পারি, পরিমাপ করতে পারি সবাই noun । ভেবে দেখবে, এই noun কে নিয়েই সকল সমস্যার সৃষ্টি ।
Noun এর শ্রেণি বিভাগ :
(i)  Proper Noun =  a particular person, place or thing . Example -Rita, Dhaka, Bangladesh যা Capital Letter দ্বার শুরু হয়  Sentence এর প্রথমে,মাঝে বা শেষে যেখানেই ব্যবহৃত হোক ।
(ii) Common Noun = যে Noun টি আমরা একজাতীয় সকলের ক্ষত্রে প্রয়োগ করতে পারি যেমন- Pamda,Jamuna, Megna এ গুলো proper noun কিন্তু আমরা  এর সাথে river Noun  যোগ করে বলতে পারি Pamda river,Jamuna river, Megna river.  আমরা বীজ গনিতে যেমন common নিয়ে থাকি যেমন
Dhaka University + Khulna University
University( Dhaka + Khulna)  তার মানে হলো এখানে university হলো common noun এবং Dhaka, Khulna হলো proper noun .

(iii) Material Noun = স্তুবাচক  noun যা পরিমাপ করা যায় কিন্ত ১,২,৩,৪, এভাবে গোনা যায় না যেমন water,soil.oil 
(iv) Abstract Noun = untouchable noun যেমন বলা হলো childhood,honesty, beauty, morality আসলে এগুলো আমরা না ধরতে পারি না কাউকে দেখাতে পারি ।  সৎ লোকটিকে(honest man) দেখানো যায় কিন্ত honesty দেখানো যায় না, সুন্দর বস্তুটি(beautiful Thing ) দেখানো যায় কিন্ত beauty দেখানো যায় না । আরও independence,love,freedom,friendship.

(v) collective Noun =সমস্টিবাচক, মানে একসাথে অনেককে বোঝায় যেমন -Team,Class,army,family একজনে যেমন team হয় না তেমন একজনে হয় না Class, হয় না family


Class 13 : Noun (part-2)

আমরা আসলে noun সম্পর্কে আলোচনা করলে সারাজীবনেও শেষ হওয়ার কথা নয় কারণ পৃথিবীতে noun ছাড়াতো কিছু নাই । ধরুন বলা হলো man (মানুষ)  এটাকে গননা করা যায় কি যায় না  তারউপর ভিত্তি করে হতে পারে countable  noun এবং uncountable noun ।

 Countable Noun
 Uncountable Noun
 Flower, Chair,Man,Lion,Bag
 Accommodation,Advice,Behavior,Scenery, water,soil, love, independence, honesty, freedom, friendship

  `1,2,3,4 এভাবে গননা করা গেলে countable আর এভাবে গননা করা না গেলে uncountable noun যেমন আমরা বলতে পারি না  1 water , 2 water তাই water uncountable noun .


আবার countable noun যেমন man এটা একটা না অধিক তার উপর ভিত্তি করে    singular noun বা plural noun  ।

 Singular Noun
 Plural Noun
 Boy
Class
Student
Cat
Egg
 boys
classes
students
cats
eggs


আবার এটা মানে  man পুরুষ না মহিলা তারউপর ভিত্তি করে masculine (পুুরুষ) feminine ( স্ত্রী) হতে পারে ।

 Masculine Noun
 Feminine Noun
Dog
Boy
Man
Bitch
girl
woman


NCTB  Syllabus ভিত্তিক কিছু  Grammar এর আলোচনা 



Class 14 :  Article (a,an the )

 আমরা আগেই   Letter এবং Sound নিয়ে আলোচনা করছি । 
 আমরা জানি ইংরেজি Letter 26 যেমন a,b,c,d..................z
যাহোক এই Letter আবার দুইভাগে বিভক্ত

 (a) Consonant  letter
 (b) Vowel letter = a,e,i,o,u

আবার এই ২৬ Letters আরও দুইভাগে বিভক্ত করা যায়
 (a) Consonant  sound
 (b) Vowel sound =  a=এ,এ্যা,অ,আ, E = ই,এ, i = ই, O = অ, U = আ not ইউ
তাহলে আমরা vowel sound পেলাম- অ,আ,ই,এ,এ্যা মোট ৫টি ।
কেন আমরা এই Sound শিখবো : 
 মজার বিষয় হলো এই vowel sound গুলোর আগে আমরা an ব্যবহার করি কিন্তু vowel letter এর আগে নয় (মনে রাখতে হবে । যেমন university এর আগে a কারণ u এখানে vowel letter কিন্ত vowel sound নয় । 
আবার honest এর আগে আমরা an ব্যবহার করি কারণ h (অ এর মত) এখানে vowel sound যদিও সে consonant letter নামে পরিচিত । আমরা the ব্যবহার করবো যদি নিদৃষ্ট করে কোন কিছু বোঝায় ।
উদাহরন : Gold is precious metal. এখানে নিদৃষ্ট করে কোন Gold কে বোঝানো হয়নি । যদি এভাবে বলা হয়  The gold of Africa is very precious metal. তাহলে এখানে Gold কে  নিদৃষ্ট করে বোঝায়, তাই তার আগে The ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে । 
1.     Use articles where necessary. Use a cross (X) where an article is not needed.                                                                                                    
(a)……Bengali, the 7 th language among (b)….important languages of (c)….world, is our mother tongue. Its present status is not (d)….result of (e)….effort of (f)….single year or of (g)….century. It belongs to an Aryan family. Its (h)…origin is from (i)….Satam branch of (j)…Indo-European parents’ speech.                                                                                                   
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
2.     Use articles where necessary. Use a cross (X) where an article is not needed.                                                                                                     
(a)-----Bangladesh is (b)------land of rivers. These are (c)-----blessing of Almighty Allah and pride to us. They are closely related to our economy and (d)----prosperity of our (e)---country. Our is (f)—
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
3. Use articles where necessary. Use a cross (X) where an article is not needed.                                                                                                     
(a)-------discipline is seen in (a)------nature. Every morning (c)-----sun rises in (d)-----east, day follows (e)------night, birds sing and (f)-----plants blossom. Everywhere in (g)----nature, there is (h)---harmony. If there were no discipline in (i)------nature, there would have been (j)------chaos everywhere.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
4.     Use articles where necessary. Use a cross (X) where an article is not needed.                                                                                                     
(a)---Kamal has an uncle in (a)------Dhaka. He is (b)----engineer. He works in (c)-----European firm. He is (d)------important figures in (e)-----firm. He is not only (f)---industries but (g)-----honest man. He hates the idle because he knows that (h)-----industrious prosper in life. On (i)-----other hand (j)—lazy suffer in life.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
5.     Use articles where necessary. Use a cross (X) where an article is not needed.                                                                                                    
(a)-------moon always awakens in our hearts(b)------feeling (c)------of love and tenderness.(d)------moon has furnished (e)------they use for poets and artists ever since (f)-----stirring of (g)----poetic faculty in men.(h)-----soft and silvery brightness of the moon which (i)-----waves her to charm us is (j)----light of the sun.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
6.     Use articles where necessary. Use a cross (X) where an article is not needed.                                                                                                    
(a)-----morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. It is (b)-----simple exercise and good for health and (c)------mentality. In the morning (d)-----air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. This pure (e)------environment makes an active effect on (f)-----walkers health and mind. When (g)----man enjoys (h)-----beauties and solemnity of (i)-----nature in (j)-----morning.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
7.     (a) -----thing of beauty is (b)-----joy for ever.(c)-------flower is a beautiful (d)-------thing. Everybody likes (e)-------flower. But it is a matter for sorrow (f)-------flower is very much short lived. The rose is (g)------best of all flowers. It is also short lived.(h)-------beauty of (i)------rose charms all. Its sweet smell draws . (j)-------attention of others.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
8.     (a)------teacher is compared with (b)-----architecture. He is called the architect of a nation. He teaches (c)------illiterate. He is (d)-----light in deep(e)------darkness. But unfortunately (f)-----teachers are not held in due respect. They lead (g)------humble life. They live in (h)----midst of want. Yet they keep (i)-----light of education at (j)------cost of their own lives.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……


9.     Money cannot but (a)—happiness. Money is (b)—must for our life. But it is not (c)—to bring our happiness. Happiness is absolutely (d)—psychological things. It is (e)—name of (f)—feeling. If means the contentment of the mind. He who is (g)—satisfied with what he gets and content with his life is (h)—really happy. Happiness cannot be purchased with (i)—only. No doubt, only has got something to do with (j)—happiness but it cannot give us happiness.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
10.  A true friend is (a)…..asset. He stands by his (b)……..friend in time of danger. He is not (c)----- --greedy man. He always wishes for (d)…….welfare of his friend. But it is (e)--------matter of (f)--------fact that (g)-------ideal friend is very rare today.(h)------selfish man cannot be (i)-------true friend. He thinks of his own (j)-------interest.    
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
11.  Akbar (a)—great was one of (b)—greatest emperors of India who ruled this subcontinent for more than 50 years. He was not only (c)—great ruler but also (d)—man of wisdom. Among all (e)—Mughal rulers he was (f)—best.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
12.  (a) -----ant is (b)-------industrious insect. No other insect is as industrious as (c)----ant. If we open (d)------pages of history, we shall see that (e)------men who have become great were (f)-----industrious .(g)-------industrious are liked by all. On (h)-----other hand (i)-----idle are hated by all. So, industry is (j)-----must to prosper in life.
13.  Bangladesh is (a)-- --independent country. But nobody made (b)- ----gift of independence to us. It was (c)-----province of (d)------Pakistan in the name of East Pakistani rulers treated East Pakistan as (f)-----colony of West Pakistan in (g)------name of Pakistan and deprived us of our due share.(h)-----Pakistani army brutally cracked down upon (i)-----innocent people of East Pakistan.(j)-------people took arms.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
14.  Bangladesh is (a)….small country but she has a large (b)…..population. She lies in (c)…..South Asia on (d)….Bay of Bengal. Once Bangladesh was not (e)….Independent country. Now she is (f)……free country.(g)….country is cris-crossed by so many occupation of (j)….people of Bangladesh.              
        Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
15.  Begging is not at all (a)—employment. It is (b)—charity of (c)—others. It does not give anything good to (d)—society. It does not develop (e)—man’s ability or will to be self-reliant. It makes (f)—man devoid of any sense of self-respect. Those who live by begging cannot claim any dignity in (g)—society. It is regarded as (h)—slurs (i)—curse to the society. It is (j)—most disgraceful and disreputable means of living.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
16.  Hazrat Omar (R) was (a)-------second Caliph of Islam. He was (b)-------honest Caliph. He used to lead a humble (c)-------life.He used to go and see the condition of (d)-------subjects with his own eyes. At dead of night he would walk(e)-------streets of Medina. One night while walking he heard (f)------sound of crying .(g)---------sound was coming from(h)-------hut. He went near(i)------hut. He saw an aged woman boiling something in the open(i)-------pot. He wanted to know the reason of her crying.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
17.  (a)-------deal student is an asset to any country. He gets up early in (b)-----morning. He is (c)-----boy of good manners and character. He (d)------student of high thinking and plain living. In fact, he is (e)----example for others to follow.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……


18.  Dhaka stand on (a)------Buriganga. It is (b)-----old city. It is a populous (c)------city. People of different religions live in (d)-----city. Their occupation is not (e)-----same. There is (f)-----Engineering University and Agricultural University in (g)-----Dhaka.(h)------Zoo and (i)-----National Museum are famous.(j)-------Engineering University is also famous.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
19.  Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her (a)—husband. During marriage ceremony (b)—section of greedy people claim much wealth or money from (c)—guardians of the brides. (d)—poor illiterate girls become (e)—victims of dowry. If(f)—guardians fail to fulfill. (g)—demand of (h)—bridegroom. The brides are maltreated. So, the poor cannot think of marriage of their daughters. It is (i)—social curse. This curse can be eliminated by changing the outlook of people specially the male (j)—members.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
20.  Education is one of (a)…..basic needs of (b)------a human being.(c)…..poor socio-economic condition of Bangladesh can be largely attributed to most people’s inaccessibility to (d)……education. If all the people were educated, they could live (e)…..healthy and planned (f)…..life. It enhances our ability to raise crops, store food, protect (g)------environment and carry out our social responsibilities. it is only education which can help us to adopt (h)------rational attitude. It provides us with (i)…….enlightened awareness about things and this awareness is (j)-----prerequisite for social development.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
21.  Electronic mail is (a)--- -- --modern method of instant delivery of (b)-------letters without (c)---involvement of (d)------postman. In this system of mailing message are sent with the help of a computer. In (e)- ----electronic mail or (f)------e-mail system (g)-----letter or any other document is typed and edited on a computer. It is sent to the addressee through (h)------- computer network in (i)---form of (j)----electronic signals.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
22.  English is (a)-----international language. It is spoken all over (b) ------world. So the importance of (c)---English cannot be described in words. All (d)-----books on higher education are written in English. Today organizations need employees who speak and write (e)----standard form of English. It helps (f)-----educated man to get a good (g)-----job. It is (h)------official or semi –official language all over the world. Ours is (i)-----age of globalization. We need to learn English to join the advanced world. So English has become (j)----essential matter for us.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
23.  Though (a)-----newspaper is not always (b)----unmixed blessing, it is (c)----most useful thing in (d)----our life. We can not think of (e)----day without it. To read newspaper is (f)----good habit.(g)-----more we read newspaper,(h)----more we can acquire (i)----knowledge; If we do not read it, we shall be like the frogs (j)---dark well.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

24.  Every woman is (a)-----potential mother.(b)-----future of a child depends on how it is brought up. In this case (c)-----educated mother plays (d)-----important role. She can bring up a child better than (e)-----illiterate  mother. So,(f)-----difference between (g)-----educated and (h)------uneducated mother can never be denied.(i)-----educated mother is an asset. She knows how to build up (j)---career of her child.
      Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……


25.  Everybody knows that sincerity is (a)-----key to success.(b)-----person can prosper in life by doing hard work. The man who does not follow (c)----rules of sincerity can never go (d)----long way in (e)-----world. Many (f)----man is not conscious of (g)-----importance of (h)----sincerity for which they don’t have (i)-----benefit of (j)----success. However, we should be sincere to our work.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

26.  Kamal is (a)—examinee. He has (b)—ill health. He heard about (c)—eminent doctor. He made (d)—appointment with (e)—doctor. On the fixed (f)—day he went to the doctor’s chamber. There he saw (g)—attendant writing (h)—serial and name of the(i)—junior M. B.B.S. doctor to help him. The junior doctor writes (j)—case history of the patient.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

27.  Man is (a)……social being and is (b)…..member of society. He has (c)….freedom of choice, thought and expression. But everybody should consider that he is not (d)….only person in society. There are many persons in (e)….society and they have (f)….same rights that one expects from one’s society. So to form (g)…..peaceful society, one should be watchful to see that other’s rights are not harmed. Every citizen must cultivate (h)….habit of obeying (i)…rules and regulations of (j)….society.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

28.  Makkah is an ancient (a)-------city. (b)------------first mosque of (c)--------world was built there. Hazrat Ibrahim built it. It is known as(d)----------Kaaba mosque. Many days have passed away. Suddenly a hole was found in (e)----------wall. Today people all over (f)--------------world go to Makkah. They spend a busy (g)------time there. They forget the activities of this (h)-------world. The Muslims of (i)----------whole world gather there and perform (j)------Hajj.
    Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

29.  Man is (a)-------architect of his own fate. If we avoid labour, we shall not be lucky. Some people think that (b)-----success in life depends on fate. But that is not correct. Hard work is necessary for getting success in every sphere of life. Industry is (e)-----key to success. Those, who depends on fate must always lag behind. It is (d)-----fact that industry makes everything different. If you become (e)-----industrious person, your life will be successful.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

30.  Money can not buy (a)-----happiness. Money is (b)-----must for our life. But it is not (c)-----necessary to bring our happiness. Happiness is absolutely (d)-------psychological thing. It is (e)—name of (f)-----feeling. It means the contentment of (g)-----mind. He who is satisfied with what he gets and content with his life is (h)-----really happy man. Happiness cannot be purchased with (i)---money. No doubt, money has got something to do with (j)----happiness but it cannot give us happiness.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
   
31.  Mr John is (a)------European. As he is (b)----English man and knows (c)----English well. He is (d)---honorable person to everyone though he is (e)------one eyed man. Having received (f)----.So ,he went to (g)------USA. His brother Tony lives there who joined (h)-----army. He is (i)---younger of two brothers. When John met his brother, Tony (j)------brother rose in him.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

          

32.  (a)……..the Olympic games started (b)…..long before (c)…..Christian era. There is (d)….village in Greece named (e)……Olympia. This has been named after (f)…..Olympic .Today the Olympic Games have become (g)….. extraordinary events in the world. This year Olympic Games  were in held in Beijing, China. China bagged (h)….highest gold medals in various events. This is to be (i)  (g)…..usual thing for (j)…….host country. How ever, for the first time , the USA failed to bag the highest gold.

33.  Our life is (a)-------sum total of hours, days and years. But all days are not equally memorable to us. Most of(b)------days are forgotten with (c)------passage of time. Only (d)-----few of these days remain ever fresh in our memory. My (e)-----days at school is such (f)------day. It is fresh in my mind even now when I was (g)------boy of six. My father proposed that I should be admitted into (h)----school in (i)-----class. I felt (j)-----both joy and fear.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

34.  Patriotism is a noble (a)----virtue. It inspires (b)----man to shed last drop of blood to defend the freedom of his country.(d)----man without patriotism is not better than(e)----beast. A true patriot is honoured by (f)-----all. He thinks for (g)-----welfare of his country. On (h)---other hand (i)----unpatriotic man thinks only of his own interest, Those who die (j)-----country are true patriots.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

35.  People think of (a)-----poverty as (b)----great evil and it seems to be (c)---accepted belief that if people had (d)----plenty of many, they would be happy and (e)----useful and more out of life. As (f)----rule there is more genuine satisfaction in life and more obtained from life in (g)---humble cottage of (h)----poor men than in (i)-----palaces of (i)----rich.
       Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
36.  Taimur was one of (a)—greatest conquers of the world. Young Taimur once attacked (b)—province of a powerful prince. He entered (c)—kingdom of (d)—prince and captured (e)—large village. It was situated far away from (f)—capital. When the news reached (g)—prince, he came with a large army. The area was surrounded on all (h)—sides. (i)—Taimur’s soldiers were all killed but Taimur escaped with (j)—great difficulty.
      Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

37.  Tenement house is(a)—dwelling which is (b)—jointly shared by(c)—owner and the (d)—tenants. It can be (e)—building divided into small and (f)—cheap dwelling unit occupied by (g)—different individual of households under the same roof. Usually these are a raw of houses with (h)—occupant sharing density. Therefore, this kind of development becomes cheaper than other types of (i)—housing solution and is availed by (j)—lower and middle-income households.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

38.  The compute is (a) ---fairly recent invention. It has now become (b)------essential (b)-------part of modern life. It has (c)-----greatly benefited us and brought about revolutionary changes in our life. Any device that helps people perform (d)-------mathematical calculations may be called (e)------computer. In this sense,(f)-----abacus is also (g)------simple computer. Today, however,(h)-----term computer’ refers to a special kind of (i)------electronic machine that can perform mathematical calculations and process large masses of information at (j)-------great speed.
     Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

      

39.  The internet has paved the way (a)…..sharing information and communication (b)….organizations and people. Communication can be made (c)…..the aid of internet. The government can use the internet for the purpose (d)…internet  Communication and supplying information. Shopping and banking can be done with the help the  internet. The internet helps the educational institutions (e)…conduct research   and impart education.
      Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

40.  The night before (a)—examination is one of (b)—anxiety to almost all examinees. (c)—degree of panic and anxiety depends on (d)—strength of their preparation and(e)—physical constitution. In fact, the night before (f)—examination is (g)—night of anxiety and peculiar. To overcome (h)—trouble of this night (i)—examinees should prepare their lesson much (j)—earlier and try to pass this night with an normal state of mind.
       Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

41.  The University of Dhaka is (a)….oldest in the country. It is also (b)….biggest among other universities. It was established in (c)….year 1921.Hundreds of (d)….students are admitted here every year. The total number of students will be all over (e)….thirty thousand. It has (f)….large number of teachers. It extends over (g)….vast area. It is known for its high standard of (h)….teaching. It is (i)….institution which makes us proud. It has produced many (j)….great scholars.
    Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

42.  The use of English as (a)…..common language of (b)….world has been growing so rapidly in recent years that no other explanation is needed to justify (c)….efforts of (d)…..hundreds of (e)…..thousands who every year set out about studying English. It is (f)…..interest of all those students who believe that (g)…….English should be taught properly and accurately in accordance with (h)…..certain clearly defined  and recognized standards. It is with a view to preserving and diffusing such (i)…..standards as examinations in English were instituted and the fact that many ten of thousands of students now take these examinations annually as (j)…..acknowledgement of just how successful the examining bodies have been setting and upholding these standards.
      Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

43.  Unemployment is (a)….great social evil. All(b)….able-bodied persons in a society should be engaged in any occupation.(c)….unemployed man has to lead a vagabond life. Life becomes (d)…..curse and burden to him. He has (e)….idle brain which very soon becomes (f)….devil’s workshop. There are many reasons of (g)….unemployment in our country. Bangladesh is not (h)……industrialized country. The mills and factories that we have can give employment to (i)….limited number of people similar is the case with (j)…..agriculture.
         Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

44.  When (a)….great poet Ferdousi began to write (b)….Shahanama, the Sultan promised him (c)…piece of gold for each(d)…..verses. Instead of giving gold coins, the Sultan offered the poet only sixty thousand silver (g)….coins. The poet refused to take the silver coins and left the court with (h)….broken heart. He was (i)….aggrieved man. Later on, the Sultan realized that he had made (j)….blunder.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……


     

45.  Women are now a days as (a)….important as men. They constitute nearly half of (b)…total population. So, there can be no denying (c)………fact that they too possess equal rights and duties as (d)….men do. If they get opportunity ,(e)………genius, powers and capacities will bloom fully.No nation can make (f)….real progress keeping a full half of its population in (g)…dark.Without (h)….uplift of women,(i)….progress of (j)….nation is not possible at all.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

46.  (a)….16 th December is (b)….red letter day in the history of Bangladesh. On this day we achieved victory at (c)….cost of (d)….bloody war. Bangladesh came into being as (e)….independent country. It occupied a place in the world(f)…..map. Every year ,we observe (g)….day with solemnity. We remember (h)….supreme sacrifice of our heroic sons. The day is (i)…..public holiday. The national flag is hoisted on (j)….top of the each house.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

47.  (a)…………21 st of February is (a)…..important day in our national calendar. On this day in 1952,valiant youths of (c)….soil laid down their lives to establish (d)……..honour of Bangla, their mother language. Their demand was to recognized Bangla as (e)……official language of (f)….state as it was (g)….language of most of (h)….population. Because of their sacrifice ,we have got (i)….Bangla as our official language. Now,Bangla is (j)….internationally recognized language.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

48.  Every student wants to be better in (a)------exam. But it is not (b)….easy work.(c)…..student has to do something for this. From (c)….very beginning he must be serious. He should read (d)…..texts again and again. He must not memorise (f)…..answer without knowing the meaning. He must not make notes from (g)….common source. He should have a good (h)….command over English. By doing all these things (i)….. student  can hope to make a good (j)….result.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
49.  Electronic mail, popularly known as e-mail is (a)….communication of message via electronic means. Although (b)…….telex communication is electronic in nature too, there are difference between (c)…..telex and (d)…..e-mail. Telex communication is terminal to terminal while ,(e)……electronic communication is user to user via (f)…..computer. In telex, messages destined to number of users are sent to (g)…..same terminal where it is distributed in a printed form by (h)…..operator. On (i)…..other hand, e-mail, is delivered to (j)…..individual electronic mail box based in a computer.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……
50.  Students are (a)------greatest force of (b)-----nation. (c)----ideal student is (d)----asset to any country. He has some qualities that can be followed. He gets up early in (e)----morning. He never wastes his time in vain. He always makes (f)—brilliant result in the examinations .He is a boy of (g)---good manners and character. He is truthful, honest, sincere and dutiful. He respects his parents ,teachers  and other superiors in (h)---polite way. He is helpful to his fellow students. He is never rude to anybody. He is (i)----student of high thinking and plain living. Infact, he is (j)---example for others to follow.
Answer (a)…..(b)……(c)…(d)……(e)…..(f)……(g)……(h)…..(i)……(j)……

Class 15 : Prefix
Syllable  নিয়ে আমরা আগেই আলোচনা করেছি । যাহোক মূল শব্দ/ Root word  এর শুরুতে Syllable যোগ করে Main word টি কে change করা হয় এবং word টি অর্থও পরিবর্তন হয়ে যায়  । Root word  এর শুরুতে আমরা যে Syllable  ব্যবহার করি তাকে Prefix বলে । 


Un + Root
Im + Root
Dis + Root
Mis + Root
Unhappy
Impossible
Disappear
misunderstand
Uninteresting
Immature
Disagree
Misjudge
Uncertain
Impatient
Disconnect
misusage
Unpleasant
Immoral
Disrespect
misbehave
Unbelievable
Imperfect
Dishonest
misspell
Unfortunate
Immortal
Disobedient
mismatch



misinterpret

Root word  এর শেষে Syllable যোগ করে Main word টি কে change করা হয় এবং word টি অর্থও পরিবর্তন হয়ে যায়  । Root word  এর শেষে আমরা যে Syllable  ব্যবহার করি তাকে suffix বলে । 

Root +Ness
Root +less
Root +ful
Root +ship
loneliness
homeless
Beautiful
friendship
sadness
hopeless
Colorful
relationship
happiness
endless
Tasteful
Membership
Darkness
Powerless
Harmful
Hardship
Weakness
Useless
Careful
companionship
Illness
Careless
Helpful
Scholarship
Kindness
Priceless
Spoonful
leadership
Fitness
speechless
Useful
partnership
loveliness
helpless
successful
championship



 Root + ion
 Root + tion
 Root +er
 Root + Ment
discussion
Reservation
Worker
Employment
depression
concentration
Singer
Development
impression
Collection
Teacher
Advertisement
oppression
invention
Farmer
Movement
Occasion
Infection
Computer
Treatment
television
contribution
Loser
disappointment
intermission
organization
Winner
Arrangement
emission
communication
Lover
Document
confession
Competition
interpreter
entertainment
omission
Imagination
cricketer
arrangement
transmission
definition
driver
management
permission
composition
puller
punishment
submission
accusation
maker
enjoyment
suspension
interpretation
hunter
commitment


Root + able
Root + able
Root + able
Root + able
Root + able
Root + able
Moveable
Amiable
durable
charitable
respectable
comfortable
drinkable
forgettable
Valuable
believable
desirable
usable
punishable
enable
Loveable
notable
manageable

Editable
available
acceptable
avoidable
considerable

Eatable
imaginable
favorable
profitable
honourable














Root + ly
Friendly,
Fluently,
Suddenly
Sisterly,
Rapidly, easily
Brotherly,
Yearly, flexible

Strongly,
Timely, Truly,


Firmly,
Heavenly,
lovely
Root +ble
sensible
Incredible
audible
negligible
Possible, eligible
Root + tic
optimistic
fantastic
mystic
logistic
pessimistic
Root + n
American
Indian
Asian


Root +dom
freedom
Kingdome
wisdom
biodome

Root + hood
childhood
Brotherhood
Boyhood
adulthood
livelihood
Root + th
growth
Birth
Death


Root + ice
service
Advice
malice
Novice
Edifice, notice
   


Root + ly
Friendly,
Fluently,
Suddenly
Sisterly,
Rapidly, easily
Brotherly,
Yearly, flexible

Strongly,
Timely, Truly,


Firmly,
Heavenly,
lovely
Root +ble
sensible
Incredible
audible
negligible
Possible, eligible
Root + tic
optimistic
fantastic
mystic
logistic
pessimistic
Root + n
American
Indian
Asian


Root +dom
freedom
Kingdome
wisdom
biodome

Root + hood
childhood
Brotherhood
Boyhood
adulthood
livelihood
Root + th
growth
Birth
Death


Root + ice
service
Advice
malice
Novice
Edifice, notice

 Root word  এর শুরুতে এবং শেষে Syllable যোগ করে Main word টি কে change করা হয় এবং word টি অর্থও পরিবর্তন হয়ে যায়  । Root word  এর শুরুতে এবং শেষে আমরা যে Syllable  ব্যবহার করি তাকে Affixes বলে । 


 Prefix +Root+ suffix
Prefix +Root+ suffix
Prefix +Root+ suffix
Prefix +Root+ suffix
Prefix +Root+ suffix
enhancement
encouragement
enlargement
independent
embankment
enforcement
destructively
empowerment
recommendation
involvement
increment
devaluation
devastating
deduction
downwards
downtrodden
evaluation
uneducated
illiteracy
enlighten


















































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